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Sector Focus

Healthcare & Pharma

Healthcare and pharmaceutical companies in India — drug manufacturers, hospital groups, medical device companies, diagnostic chains, and health technology businesses — operate under the most intensive regulatory scrutiny in the economy, with CDSCO, state drug licensing authorities, the National Medical Commission, the Competition Commission, and SEBI all having jurisdiction over different aspects of their activities. GP advises healthcare and pharmaceutical clients across the complete lifecycle of their legal and regulatory needs.

Pharma Manufacturers · Hospitals · Medical Devices · Diagnostics · CROs · HealthTech · Biotech
The Sector

Healthcare and pharmaceutical companies in India — drug manufacturers, hospital groups, medical device companies, diagnostic chains, and health technology businesses — operate under the most intensive regulatory scrutiny in the economy, with CDSCO, state drug licensing authorities, the National Medical Commission, the Competition Commission, and SEBI all having jurisdiction over different aspects of their activities. GP advises healthcare and pharmaceutical clients across the complete lifecycle of their legal and regulatory needs.

Key Regulatory Framework
Drugs & Cosmetics Act 1940 · DPCO 2013 · Patents Act 1970 · NMC Act 2020 · Clinical Trials Rules · Competition Act 2002 · CDSCO
What We Do

Legal services for healthcare & pharma clients

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Drug Regulatory — CDSCO Approvals & Compliance

Drug manufacturing licence applications and renewals, new drug approval applications before CDSCO, Schedule M GMP compliance, drug import licence applications, and the management of CDSCO inspection findings and show cause notices. GP advises pharmaceutical companies on the complete drug regulatory lifecycle — from preclinical submissions through manufacturing compliance to post-market surveillance obligations.

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Patent Disputes — Pharmaceutical Innovation

Pharmaceutical patent prosecution and litigation — pre-grant and post-grant patent oppositions before the Indian Patent Office, Section 3(d) challenges to pharmaceutical patent applications, compulsory licensing proceedings, and patent infringement proceedings in the High Courts. GP navigates India's unique patent framework for both originator and generic pharmaceutical companies.

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Hospital & Healthcare Regulation

Clinical establishment licensing, NABH accreditation compliance, National Medical Commission and state medical council proceedings against hospitals and doctors, consumer forum proceedings in medical negligence cases, and the employment law framework for healthcare professionals. GP advises hospital groups on the complete regulatory compliance framework.

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Drug Pricing — DPCO & NPPA

Challenging or complying with drug price controls under the DPCO 2013, NPPA proceedings on overpricing, and the negotiation of pricing for drugs brought under scheduled formulations. GP advises pharmaceutical companies on DPCO compliance, represents companies in NPPA proceedings, and handles High Court challenges to NPPA price fixation orders.

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Clinical Trials & Research Compliance

Clinical trial regulatory compliance under the New Drugs and Clinical Trials Rules 2019, Institutional Ethics Committee constitution, subject safety monitoring, adverse event reporting to CDSCO, and the management of CDSCO inspections of clinical trial sites. GP advises sponsors, CROs, and clinical sites on the legal framework for clinical research in India.

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Healthcare M&A & Private Equity

Mergers and acquisitions in healthcare and pharmaceutical — hospital group acquisitions, pharma company mergers, diagnostic chain roll-ups, and private equity investment in healthcare. Healthcare M&A requires specialist due diligence on drug licences, CDSCO approvals, clinical trial compliance, medical council registrations, and CCI merger notification.

Sector Issues

The legal issues defining the healthcare & pharma sector right now.

Section 3(d) and pharmaceutical patent strategy
India's Patents Act Section 3(d) continues to generate pre-grant and post-grant opposition proceedings as originator companies seek to patent incremental innovations and generic companies challenge them. GP advises both originator and generic pharmaceutical companies on Section 3(d) strategy — the evidence required to establish enhanced efficacy, the opposition procedure, and the litigation strategy in the patent offices and High Courts.
Healthcare competition — CCI's scrutiny of hospital markets
The CCI has increasingly scrutinised hospital market practices — price-fixing allegations, bundling of diagnostic services, and market definition questions arising when hospital groups acquire competitors in concentrated local markets. Healthcare M&A now routinely triggers CCI merger notification analysis. GP advises on healthcare competition compliance and manages CCI proceedings for hospital groups facing investigation or merger review.
Medical device regulation — the transition to the new regime
India's medical device regulatory framework has been progressively updated — moving from the limited regulation under the Drugs & Cosmetics Act to a dedicated device classification and approval system. The CDSCO's enforcement of the new framework has accelerated. GP advises medical device companies on the applicable regulatory classification, the approval pathway for new devices, and the management of CDSCO compliance proceedings.
Delhi Patent Office · Patent Opposition — Section 3(d)

Generic pharma company — opposed originator's patent for polymorph of established molecule — Section 3(d) challenge — patent not granted — generic launch cleared

Represented a leading Indian generic pharmaceutical company in a pre-grant opposition to an originator's patent application for a new crystalline form of an established anti-hypertensive molecule. GP established that the new crystalline form did not demonstrate significantly enhanced therapeutic efficacy — as required by Section 3(d) — and that the only advantage was improved stability, a manufacturing benefit not a patient benefit. The Patent Office rejected the patent application, clearing the generic company's planned launch.

Delhi High Court · Drug Pricing Challenge

Pharmaceutical company — NPPA overpricing demand for cardiovascular formulation — Delhi High Court challenge — pricing methodology flawed — demand set aside

Challenged an NPPA overpricing demand of Rs.22 crore for a cardiovascular drug. GP filed a writ petition in the Delhi High Court establishing that the NPPA had applied the wrong price computation methodology. The Delhi High Court set aside the overpricing demand and directed the NPPA to recompute the ceiling price using the correct methodology — which produced a ceiling price above the company's selling price, eliminating the overcharging allegation.

CCI · Hospital Merger Clearance

Hospital group — acquisition of competitor in Tier 2 city — mandatory CCI notification — conditions negotiated — merger cleared

Managed the CCI merger notification for a hospital group acquiring the only other multi-specialty hospital in a Tier 2 city. GP filed the mandatory notification, presented the market analysis to the CCI with a geographic market definition based on patient travel patterns, and negotiated the behavioural conditions the CCI imposed — price caps on the most common procedures for three years. The merger was cleared with conditions.

Sector Leadership

GP advises healthcare & pharma clients across the complete spectrum of their legal and regulatory needs — from routine compliance through complex transactions to enforcement proceedings and litigation.

The healthcare & pharma practice team operates across Mumbai, Delhi, Bangalore, and Chennai, with specialist capabilities in each of the practice areas listed above. Contact GP to discuss how we can assist your organisation.

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Healthcare & Pharma Sector

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GP advises healthcare & pharma clients across the complete spectrum of legal and regulatory needs. Tell us about your matter and we will put you in contact with the right team.

Pharma Manufacturers · Hospitals · Medical Devices · Diagnostics · CROs · HealthTech · Biotech
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